CWE-ou-minkata/Sources/Plasma/CoreLib/plString.cpp

/*==LICENSE==*

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*==LICENSE==*/

#include "plString.h"

#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <memory>

const plString plString::Null;

#if !defined(WCHAR_BYTES) || (WCHAR_BYTES != 2) && (WCHAR_BYTES != 4)
#error "WCHAR_BYTES must be either 2 (16-bit) or 4 (32-bit)!"
#endif

#if WCHAR_BYTES == 2
#define u16slen(str, max) wcsnlen((const wchar_t *)(str), (max))
#else
static inline size_t u16slen(const uint16_t *ustr, size_t max)
{
    size_t length = 0;
    for ( ; *ustr++ && max--; ++length)
        ;
    return length;
}
#endif

/* Provide strnlen and wcsnlen for MinGW which doesn't have them */
#ifdef __MINGW32__
size_t strnlen(const char *s, size_t maxlen)
{
    size_t len;
    for (len = 0; len < maxlen && *s; len++, s++) { }
    return len;
}

size_t wcsnlen(const wchar_t *s, size_t maxlen)
{
    size_t len;
    for (len = 0; len < maxlen && *s; len++, s++) { }
    return len;
}
#endif

#define BADCHAR_REPLACEMENT (0xFFFDul)

void plString::IConvertFromUtf8(const char *utf8, size_t size)
{
    if (utf8 == nil) {
        fUtf8Buffer = plStringBuffer<char>();
        return;
    }

    if ((int32_t)size < 0)
        size = strnlen(utf8, -(int32_t)size);

    operator=(plStringBuffer<char>(utf8, size));
}

plString &plString::operator=(const plStringBuffer<char> &init)
{
    fUtf8Buffer = init;

#ifdef _DEBUG
    // Check to make sure the string is actually valid UTF-8
    const char *sp = fUtf8Buffer.GetData();
    while (sp < fUtf8Buffer.GetData() + fUtf8Buffer.GetSize()) {
        unsigned char unichar = *sp++;
        if ((unichar & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
            // Four bytes
            hsAssert((*sp++) & 0x80, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence byte (1)");
            hsAssert((*sp++) & 0x80, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence byte (2)");
            hsAssert((*sp++) & 0x80, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence byte (3)");
        } else if ((unichar & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
            // Three bytes
            hsAssert((*sp++) & 0x80, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence byte (1)");
            hsAssert((*sp++) & 0x80, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence byte (2)");
        } else if ((unichar & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
            // Two bytes
            hsAssert((*sp++) & 0x80, "Invalid UTF-8 sequence byte (1)");
        } else if ((unichar & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
            hsAssert(0, "Invalid UTF-8 marker byte");
        } else if ((unichar & 0x80) != 0) {
            hsAssert(0, "UTF-8 character out of range");
        }
    }
#endif

    return *this;
}

void plString::IConvertFromUtf16(const uint16_t *utf16, size_t size)
{
    fUtf8Buffer = plStringBuffer<char>();
    if (utf16 == nil)
        return;

    if ((int32_t)size < 0)
        size = u16slen(utf16, -(int32_t)size);

    // Calculate the UTF-8 size
    size_t convlen = 0;
    const uint16_t *sp = utf16;
    while (sp < utf16 + size) {
        if (*sp >= 0xD800 && *sp <= 0xDFFF) {
            // Surrogate pair
            convlen += 4;
            ++sp;
        }
        else if (*sp > 0x7FF)
            convlen += 3;
        else if (*sp > 0x7F)
            convlen += 2;
        else
            convlen += 1;
        ++sp;
    }

    // And perform the actual conversion
    char *utf8 = fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(convlen);
    char *dp = utf8;
    sp = utf16;
    while (sp < utf16 + size) {
        if (*sp >= 0xD800 && *sp <= 0xDFFF) {
            // Surrogate pair
            UniChar unichar = 0x10000;

            if (sp + 1 >= utf16 + size) {
                hsAssert(0, "Incomplete surrogate pair in UTF-16 data");
                unichar = BADCHAR_REPLACEMENT;
            } else if (*sp < 0xDC00) {
                unichar += (*sp++ & 0x3FF) << 10;
                hsAssert(*sp >= 0xDC00 && *sp <= 0xDFFF,
                         "Invalid surrogate pair in UTF-16 data");
                unichar += (*sp   & 0x3FF);
            } else {
                unichar += (*sp++ & 0x3FF);
                hsAssert(*sp >= 0xD800 && *sp <  0xDC00,
                         "Invalid surrogate pair in UTF-16 data");
                unichar += (*sp   & 0x3FF) << 10;
            }
            *dp++ = 0xF0 | ((unichar >> 18) & 0x07);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((unichar >> 12) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((unichar >>  6) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((unichar      ) & 0x3F);
        } else if (*sp > 0x7FF) {
            *dp++ = 0xE0 | ((*sp >> 12) & 0x0F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp >>  6) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp      ) & 0x3F);
        } else if (*sp > 0x7F) {
            *dp++ = 0xC0 | ((*sp >>  6) & 0x1F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp      ) & 0x3F);
        } else {
            *dp++ = (char)(*sp);
        }
        ++sp;
    }
    utf8[convlen] = 0;
}

void plString::IConvertFromWchar(const wchar_t *wstr, size_t size)
{
#if WCHAR_BYTES == 2
    // We assume that if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2, the data is UTF-16 already
    IConvertFromUtf16((const uint16_t *)wstr, size);
#else
    IConvertFromUtf32((const UniChar *)wstr, size);
#endif
}

void plString::IConvertFromUtf32(const UniChar *ustr, size_t size)
{
    fUtf8Buffer = plStringBuffer<char>();
    if (ustr == nil)
        return;

    if ((int32_t)size < 0)
        size = ustrlen(ustr, -(int32_t)size);

    // Calculate the UTF-8 size
    size_t convlen = 0;
    const UniChar *sp = ustr;
    while (sp < ustr + size) {
        if (*sp > 0x10FFFF) {
            hsAssert(0, "UTF-32 character out of range");
            convlen += 3;   // Use U+FFFD for release builds
        }
        else if (*sp > 0xFFFF)
            convlen += 4;
        else if (*sp > 0x7FF)
            convlen += 3;
        else if (*sp > 0x7F)
            convlen += 2;
        else
            convlen += 1;
        ++sp;
    }

    // And perform the actual conversion
    char *utf8 = fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(convlen);
    char *dp = utf8;
    sp = ustr;
    while (sp < ustr + size) {
        if (*sp > 0x10FFFF) {
            // Character out of range; Use U+FFFD instead
            *dp++ = 0xE0 | ((BADCHAR_REPLACEMENT >> 12) & 0x0F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((BADCHAR_REPLACEMENT >>  6) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((BADCHAR_REPLACEMENT      ) & 0x3F);
        } else if (*sp > 0xFFFF) {
            *dp++ = 0xF0 | ((*sp >> 18) & 0x07);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp >> 12) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp >>  6) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp      ) & 0x3F);
        } else if (*sp > 0x7FF) {
            *dp++ = 0xE0 | ((*sp >> 12) & 0x0F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp >>  6) & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp      ) & 0x3F);
        } else if (*sp > 0x7F) {
            *dp++ = 0xC0 | ((*sp >>  6) & 0x1F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp      ) & 0x3F);
        } else {
            *dp++ = (char)(*sp);
        }
        ++sp;
    }
    utf8[convlen] = 0;
}

void plString::IConvertFromIso8859_1(const char *astr, size_t size)
{
    fUtf8Buffer = plStringBuffer<char>();
    if (astr == nil)
        return;

    if ((int32_t)size < 0)
        size = strnlen(astr, -(int32_t)size);

    // Calculate the UTF-8 size
    size_t convlen = 0;
    const char *sp = astr;
    while (sp < astr + size) {
        if ((*sp++) & 0x80)
            convlen += 2;
        else
            convlen += 1;
    }

    // And perform the actual conversion
    char *utf8 = fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(convlen);
    char *dp = utf8;
    sp = astr;
    while (sp < astr + size) {
        if (*astr & 0x80) {
            *dp++ = 0xC0 | ((*sp >> 6) & 0x1F);
            *dp++ = 0x80 | ((*sp     ) & 0x3F);
        } else {
            *dp++ = *sp;
        }
        ++sp;
    }
    utf8[convlen] = 0;
}

plStringBuffer<uint16_t> plString::ToUtf16() const
{
    plStringBuffer<uint16_t> result;
    if (IsEmpty())
        return result;

    // Calculate the UTF-16 size
    size_t convlen = 0;
    const char *utf8 = fUtf8Buffer.GetData();
    const char *sp = utf8;
    size_t srcSize = fUtf8Buffer.GetSize();
    while (sp < utf8 + srcSize) {
        if ((*sp & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
            // Will require a surrogate pair
            ++convlen;
            sp += 4;
        }
        else if ((*sp & 0xF0) == 0xE0) 
            sp += 3;
        else if ((*sp & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
            sp += 2;
        else
            sp += 1;
        ++convlen;
    }

    // And perform the actual conversion
    uint16_t *ustr = result.CreateWritableBuffer(convlen);
    uint16_t *dp = ustr;
    sp = utf8;
    while (sp < utf8 + srcSize) {
        UniChar unichar;
        if ((*sp & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x07) << 18;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 12;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);

            *dp++ = 0xD800 | ((unichar >> 10) & 0x3FF);
            *dp++ = 0xDC00 | ((unichar      ) & 0x3FF);
        } else if ((*sp & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x0F) << 12;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = unichar;
        } else if ((*sp & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x1F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
            *dp++ = unichar;
        } else {
            *dp++ = *sp++;
        }
    }
    ustr[convlen] = 0;

    return result;
}

plStringBuffer<wchar_t> plString::ToWchar() const
{
#if WCHAR_BYTES == 2
    // We assume that if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2, the data is UTF-16 already
    plStringBuffer<uint16_t> utf16 = ToUtf16();
    return *reinterpret_cast<plStringBuffer<wchar_t>*>(&utf16);
#else
    plUnicodeBuffer utf32 = GetUnicodeArray();
    return *reinterpret_cast<plStringBuffer<wchar_t>*>(&utf32);
#endif
}

plStringBuffer<char> plString::ToIso8859_1() const
{
    plStringBuffer<char> result;
    if (IsEmpty())
        return result;

    // Calculate the ASCII size
    size_t convlen = 0;
    const char *utf8 = fUtf8Buffer.GetData();
    const char *sp = utf8;
    size_t srcSize = fUtf8Buffer.GetSize();
    while (sp < utf8 + srcSize) {
        if ((*sp & 0xF8) == 0xF0)
            sp += 4;
        else if ((*sp & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
            sp += 3;
        else if ((*sp & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
            sp += 2;
        else
            sp += 1;
        ++convlen;
    }

    // And perform the actual conversion
    char *astr = result.CreateWritableBuffer(convlen);
    char *dp = astr;
    sp = utf8;
    while (sp < utf8 + srcSize) {
        UniChar unichar;
        if ((*sp & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x07) << 18;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 12;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
        } else if ((*sp & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x0F) << 12;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
        } else if ((*sp & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x1F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
        } else {
            unichar = *sp++;
        }
        *dp++ = (unichar < 0xFF) ? unichar : '?';
    }
    astr[convlen] = 0;

    return result;
}

plUnicodeBuffer plString::GetUnicodeArray() const
{
    plUnicodeBuffer result;
    if (IsEmpty())
        return result;

    // Calculate the UCS-4 size
    size_t convlen = 0;
    const char *utf8 = fUtf8Buffer.GetData();
    const char *sp = utf8;
    size_t srcSize = fUtf8Buffer.GetSize();
    while (sp < utf8 + srcSize) {
        if ((*sp & 0xF8) == 0xF0)
            sp += 4;
        else if ((*sp & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
            sp += 3;
        else if ((*sp & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
            sp += 2;
        else
            sp += 1;
        ++convlen;
    }

    // And perform the actual conversion
    UniChar *ustr = result.CreateWritableBuffer(convlen);
    UniChar *dp = ustr;
    sp = utf8;
    while (sp < utf8 + srcSize) {
        UniChar unichar;
        if ((*sp & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x07) << 18;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 12;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
        } else if ((*sp & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x0F) << 12;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
        } else if ((*sp & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
            unichar  = (*sp++ & 0x1F) << 6;
            unichar |= (*sp++ & 0x3F);
        } else {
            unichar = *sp++;
        }
        *dp++ = unichar;
    }
    ustr[convlen] = 0;

    return result;
}

int plString::ToInt(int base) const
{
    return static_cast<int>(strtol(c_str(), nil, base));
}

unsigned int plString::ToUInt(int base) const
{
    return static_cast<unsigned int>(strtoul(c_str(), nil, base));
}

float plString::ToFloat() const
{
    // strtof is C99, which MS doesn't support...
    return (float)strtod(c_str(), nil);
}

double plString::ToDouble() const
{
    return strtod(c_str(), nil);
}

// Microsoft doesn't provide this for us
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define va_copy(dest, src)  (dest) = (src)
#endif

plString plString::IFormat(const char *fmt, va_list vptr)
{
    char buffer[256];
    va_list vptr_save;
    va_copy(vptr_save, vptr);

    int chars = vsnprintf(buffer, 256, fmt, vptr);
    if (chars < 0) {
        // We will need to try this multiple times until we get a
        // large enough buffer :(
        int size = 4096;
        for ( ;; ) {
            va_copy(vptr, vptr_save);
            plStringBuffer<char> bigbuffer;
            char *data = bigbuffer.CreateWritableBuffer(size-1);
            chars = vsnprintf(data, size, fmt, vptr);
            if (chars >= 0) {
                // We need to construct a new string here so the length
                // parameter is accurate :(
                return plString::FromUtf8(bigbuffer.GetData(), chars);
            }

            size *= 2;
            hsAssert(size > 0, "Formatted string output is waaaaay too long");
        }
    } else if (chars >= 256) {
        va_copy(vptr, vptr_save);
        plStringBuffer<char> bigbuffer;
        char *data = bigbuffer.CreateWritableBuffer(chars);
        vsnprintf(data, chars+1, fmt, vptr);
        return bigbuffer;
    }

    return plString::FromUtf8(buffer, chars);
}

plString plString::Format(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list vptr;
    va_start(vptr, fmt);
    plString str = IFormat(fmt, vptr);
    va_end(vptr);
    return str;
}

int plString::Find(char ch, CaseSensitivity sense) const
{
    if (sense == kCaseSensitive) {
        const char *cp = strchr(c_str(), ch);
        return cp ? (cp - c_str()) : -1;
    } else {
        const char *cp = c_str();
        while (*cp) {
            if (tolower(*cp) == tolower(ch))
                return cp - c_str();
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

int plString::FindLast(char ch, CaseSensitivity sense) const
{
    if (IsEmpty())
        return -1;

    if (sense == kCaseSensitive) {
        const char *cp = strrchr(c_str(), ch);
        return cp ? (cp - c_str()) : -1;
    } else {
        const char *cp = c_str();
        cp += strlen(cp);

        while (--cp >= c_str()) {
            if (tolower(*cp) == tolower(ch))
                return cp - c_str();
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

int plString::Find(const char *str, CaseSensitivity sense) const
{
    if (!str || !str[0])
        return -1;

    if (sense == kCaseSensitive) {
        const char *cp = strstr(c_str(), str);
        return cp ? (cp - c_str()) : -1;
    } else {
        // The easy way
        size_t len = strlen(str);
        const char *cp = c_str();
        while (*cp) {
            if (strnicmp(cp, str, len) == 0)
                return cp - c_str();
            ++cp;
        }

        return -1;
    }
}

static bool in_set(char key, const char *charset)
{
    for (const char *cs = charset; *cs; ++cs) {
        if (*cs == key)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

plString plString::TrimLeft(const char *charset) const
{
    if (IsEmpty())
        return Null;

    const char *cp = c_str();
    while (*cp && in_set(*cp, charset))
        ++cp;

    return Substr(cp - c_str());
}

plString plString::TrimRight(const char *charset) const
{
    if (IsEmpty())
        return Null;

    const char *cp = c_str();
    cp += strlen(cp);

    while (--cp >= c_str() && in_set(*cp, charset))
        ;

    return Substr(0, cp - c_str() + 1);
}

plString plString::Trim(const char *charset) const
{
    if (IsEmpty())
        return Null;

    const char *lp = c_str();
    const char *rp = lp + strlen(lp);

    while (*lp && in_set(*lp, charset))
        ++lp;
    while (--rp >= lp && in_set(*rp, charset))
        ;

    return Substr(lp - c_str(), rp - lp + 1);
}

plString plString::Substr(int start, size_t size) const
{
    size_t maxSize = GetSize();

    if (start > maxSize)
        return Null;
    if (start < 0)
        start = 0;
    if (start + size > maxSize)
        size = maxSize - start;

    if (start == 0 && size == maxSize)
        return *this;

    plString sub;
    char *substr = sub.fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(size);
    memcpy(substr, c_str() + start, size);
    substr[size] = 0;

    return sub;
}

plString plString::ToUpper() const
{
    // TODO:  Unicode-aware case conversion
    plString str;
    char *dupe = str.fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(fUtf8Buffer.GetSize());
    const char *self = c_str();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < fUtf8Buffer.GetSize(); ++i)
        dupe[i] = toupper(self[i]);
    dupe[fUtf8Buffer.GetSize()] = 0;

    return str;
}

plString plString::ToLower() const
{
    // TODO:  Unicode-aware case conversion
    plString str;
    char *dupe = str.fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(fUtf8Buffer.GetSize());
    const char *self = c_str();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < fUtf8Buffer.GetSize(); ++i)
        dupe[i] = tolower(self[i]);
    dupe[fUtf8Buffer.GetSize()] = 0;

    return str;
}

static bool ch_in_set(char ch, const char *set)
{
    for (const char *s = set; *s; ++s) {
        if (ch == *s)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

std::vector<plString> plString::Tokenize(const char *delims) const
{
    std::vector<plString> result;

    const char *next = c_str();
    const char *end = next + GetSize();  // So binary strings work
    while (next != end) {
        const char *cur = next;
        while (cur != end && !ch_in_set(*cur, delims))
            ++cur;

        // Found a delimiter
        if (cur != next)
            result.push_back(plString::FromUtf8(next, cur - next));

        next = cur;
        while (next != end && ch_in_set(*next, delims))
            ++next;
    }

    return result;
}

//TODO: Not binary safe
std::vector<plString> plString::Split(const char *split, size_t maxSplits) const
{
    std::vector<plString> result;

    const char *next = c_str();
    size_t splitlen = strlen(split);
    while (maxSplits > 0) {
        const char *sp = strstr(next, split);

        if (!sp)
            break;

        result.push_back(plString::FromUtf8(next, sp - next));
        next = sp + splitlen;
        --maxSplits;
    }

    result.push_back(plString::FromUtf8(next));
    return result;
}

plString plString::Fill(size_t count, char c)
{
    plStringBuffer<char> buf;
    char *data = buf.CreateWritableBuffer(count + 1);
    memset(data, c, count);
    data[count] = 0;
    return buf;
}

plString operator+(const plString &left, const plString &right)
{
    plString cat;
    char *catstr = cat.fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(left.GetSize() + right.GetSize());
    memcpy(catstr, left.c_str(), left.GetSize());
    memcpy(catstr + left.GetSize(), right.c_str(), right.GetSize());
    catstr[cat.fUtf8Buffer.GetSize()] = 0;

    return cat;
}

plString operator+(const plString &left, const char *right)
{
    plString cat;
    size_t rsize = strlen(right);
    char *catstr = cat.fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(left.GetSize() + rsize);
    memcpy(catstr, left.c_str(), left.GetSize());
    memcpy(catstr + left.GetSize(), right, rsize);
    catstr[cat.fUtf8Buffer.GetSize()] = 0;

    return cat;
}

plString operator+(const char *left, const plString &right)
{
    plString cat;
    size_t lsize = strlen(left);
    char *catstr = cat.fUtf8Buffer.CreateWritableBuffer(lsize + right.GetSize());
    memcpy(catstr, left, lsize);
    memcpy(catstr + lsize, right.c_str(), right.GetSize());
    catstr[cat.fUtf8Buffer.GetSize()] = 0;

    return cat;
}

plStringStream &plStringStream::append(const char *data, size_t length)
{
    size_t bufSize = ICanHasHeap() ? fBufSize : 256;
    char *bufp = ICanHasHeap() ? fBuffer : fShort;

    if (fLength + length > bufSize) {
        size_t bigSize = bufSize;
        do {
            hsAssert(bigSize * 2, "plStringStream buffer too large");
            bigSize *= 2;
        } while (fLength + length > bigSize);

        char *bigger = new char[bigSize];
        memcpy(bigger, GetRawBuffer(), bufSize);
        if (ICanHasHeap())
            delete [] fBuffer;
        fBuffer = bufp = bigger;
        fBufSize = bigSize;
    }

    memcpy(bufp + fLength, data, length);
    fLength += length;
    return *this;
}

plStringStream &plStringStream::operator<<(const char *text)
{
    size_t length = strlen(text);
    return append(text, length);
}

plStringStream &plStringStream::operator<<(int num)
{
    char buffer[12];
    snprintf(buffer, 12, "%d", num);
    return operator<<(buffer);
}

plStringStream &plStringStream::operator<<(unsigned int num)
{
    char buffer[12];
    snprintf(buffer, 12, "%u", num);
    return operator<<(buffer);
}

plStringStream &plStringStream::operator<<(double num)
{
    char buffer[64];
    snprintf(buffer, 64, "%f", num);
    return operator<<(buffer);
}

size_t ustrlen(const UniChar *ustr, size_t max)
{
    size_t length = 0;
    for ( ; *ustr++ && max--; ++length)
        ;
    return length;
}