/*==LICENSE==*

CyanWorlds.com Engine - MMOG client, server and tools
Copyright (C) 2011  Cyan Worlds, Inc.

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Additional permissions under GNU GPL version 3 section 7

If you modify this Program, or any covered work, by linking or
combining it with any of RAD Game Tools Bink SDK, Autodesk 3ds Max SDK,
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JPEG Group JPEG library, Microsoft Windows Media SDK, or Apple QuickTime SDK
(or a modified version of those libraries),
containing parts covered by the terms of the Bink SDK EULA, 3ds Max EULA,
PhysX SDK EULA, DirectX SDK EULA, OpenSSL and SSLeay licenses, IJG
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You can contact Cyan Worlds, Inc. by email legal@cyan.com
or by snail mail at:
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*==LICENSE==*/

#ifndef plFormat_Defined
#define plFormat_Defined

#include "plString.h"
#include <list>
#include <string>

#ifdef BUILDING_DOXYGEN // Doxygen doesn't appear to support variadic templates yet
/** Format a string using type-safe arguments
 * \param format The format string -- see below for details
 *
 * Character Sequence | Description
 * ------------------ | -----------
 * `{}`               | Format a value (using defaults)
 * `{{`               | Escape for a single '{' char
 * `{options}`        | Format a value, with the specified options (see below)
 *
 * Formatting Options
 * ------------------
 *
 * Format Option | Description
 * ------------- | -----------
 * `<`           | Align left
 * `>`           | Align right
 * `NNN`         | Pad to NNN characters (minimum - can be more)
 * `+`           | Show a '+' char for positive signed values (decimal / float only)
 * `_C`          | Use C as the pad character (only '\001'..'\177' supported for now)
 * `x`           | Hex (lower-case)
 * `X`           | Hex (upper-case)
 * `o`           | Octal
 * `b`           | Binary
 * `d`           | Decimal (default) -- when used with char types, outputs a number instead of the UTF representation of the char
 * `c`           | UTF character (default for character types)
 * `.EEE`        | Use EEE digits of floating point precision
 * `f`           | Fixed floating point format (ddd.ddd)
 * `e`           | Exponent notation for floating point (d.ddde[+/-]dd)
 * `E`           | Same as 'e' format, but with upper case E (d.dddE[+/-]dd)
 */
plString plFormat(const char *format, ...);
#endif


namespace plFormat_Private
{
    enum Alignment : unsigned char
    {
        kAlignDefault,  /**< Left for strings, right for numbers */
        kAlignLeft,     /**< Left alignment */
        kAlignRight     /**< Right alignment */
    };

    enum DigitClass : unsigned char
    {
        kDigitDefault,          /**< Default digit formatting */
        kDigitDec,              /**< Format as decimal integer */
        kDigitHex,              /**< Hex integer (assume unsigned) */
        kDigitHexUpper,         /**< Hex integer with upper-case digits */
        kDigitOct,              /**< Octal integer (assume unsigned) */
        kDigitBin,              /**< Binary integer (assume unsigned) */
        kDigitChar              /**< Single unicode character (as UTF-8) */
    };

    enum FloatClass : unsigned char
    {
        kFloatDefault,      /**< Use Fixed or Exp format depending on value */
        kFloatFixed,        /**< Use Fixed notation (ddd.ddd) */
        kFloatExp,          /**< Use Exp notation (d.ddde[+/-]dd) */
        kFloatExpUpper      /**< Same as `kFloatExp`, but with an upper-case E */
    };

    /** Represents a parsed format tag, for use in formatter implementations. */
    struct FormatSpec
    {
        int fMinimumLength = 0;     /**< Requested minimum padding length */
        int fPrecision = -1;        /**< Requested precision for floating-point */

        char fPadChar = 0;          /**< Explicit padding char (default is space) */
        bool fAlwaysSigned = false; /**< Show + for positive numbers (dec/float) */
        Alignment fAlignment = kAlignDefault;   /**< Requested pad alignment */
        DigitClass fDigitClass = kDigitDefault; /**< Requested int formatting */
        FloatClass fFloatClass = kFloatDefault; /**< Requested float formatting */
    };

    // These need to be publically visible for the macros below, but shouldn't
    // be used directly outside of plFormat and its macros
    struct _IFormatDataObject
    {
        const char *fFormatStr;
        plStringStream fOutput;
    };

    extern FormatSpec _FetchNextFormat(_IFormatDataObject &data);
}

/** Declare a formattable type for `plFormat`.
 *  \note PL_FORMAT_IMPL must only be used in plFormat.h, due to constraints
 *    on compile-time declaration order imposed by some compilers.
 *  \sa PL_FORMAT_IMPL()
 */
#define PL_FORMAT_TYPE(_type) \
    extern void _impl_plFormat_DataHandler(const plFormat_Private::FormatSpec &, \
                                           plStringStream &, _type);

/** Provide the implementation for a formattable type for `plFormat`.
 *  \sa PL_FORMAT_TYPE(), PL_FORMAT_FORWARD()
 *
 *  Example:
 *
 *  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 *  PL_FORMAT_IMPL(const MyType &)
 *  {
 *      output << plFormat("MyType[data={},count={}]", value.data, value.count);
 *  }
 *  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*/
#define PL_FORMAT_IMPL(_type) \
    void _impl_plFormat_DataHandler(const plFormat_Private::FormatSpec &format, \
                    plStringStream &output, _type value)

/** Shortcut to call another `PL_FORMAT_IMPL` formatter.
 *  \sa PL_FORMAT_IMPL()
 *
 *  Example:
 *
 *  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 *  PL_FORMAT_IMPL(const MyType &)
 *  {
 *      PL_FORMAT_FORWARD(value.ToString());
 *  }
 *  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 */
#define PL_FORMAT_FORWARD(fwd_value) \
    _impl_plFormat_DataHandler(format, output, (fwd_value))

// ====================================
// BEGIN: Formattable type declarations
// ====================================

    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(char)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(wchar_t)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(signed char)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(unsigned char)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(short)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(unsigned short)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(int)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(unsigned)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(long)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(unsigned long)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(long long)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(unsigned long long)

    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(float)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(double)

    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const char *)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const wchar_t *)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const plString &)

    // Shortcut for plFileName
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const class plFileName &)

    // TODO:  Remove these when they're no longer needed
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const std::string &)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const std::wstring &)

    // Formats as "true" or "false", following normal string formatting rules.
    // To use other formats, don't pass us a bool directly...
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(bool)

    // Formats for plUoid
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const class plLocation &)
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const class plUoid &)

    // Format for plUUID
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const class plUUID &)

    // Format for hsMatrix44
    PL_FORMAT_TYPE(const struct hsMatrix44 &)

// ==================================
// END: Formattable type declarations
// ==================================

// NOTE:  Added in order to work properly in GCC/Clang; all PL_FORMAT_TYPE
// declarations MUST be above this line.
#undef PL_FORMAT_TYPE

namespace plFormat_Private
{
    // End of the chain -- emits the last piece (if any) and builds the final string
    plString _IFormat(_IFormatDataObject &data);

    // Internal plFormat implementation which carries over the pieces formatted so far
    template <typename _Type, typename... _Args>
    plString _IFormat(_IFormatDataObject &data, _Type value, _Args... args)
    {
        plFormat_Private::FormatSpec format = plFormat_Private::_FetchNextFormat(data);
        _impl_plFormat_DataHandler(format, data.fOutput, value);
        return _IFormat(data, args...);
    }
}

template <typename _Type, typename... _Args>
plString plFormat(const char *fmt_str, _Type value, _Args... args)
{
    plFormat_Private::_IFormatDataObject data;
    data.fFormatStr = fmt_str;
    plFormat_Private::FormatSpec format = plFormat_Private::_FetchNextFormat(data);
    _impl_plFormat_DataHandler(format, data.fOutput, value);
    return plFormat_Private::_IFormat(data, args...);
}

template <typename _Type, typename... _Args>
void plPrintf(FILE *fd, const char *fmt_str, _Type value, _Args... args)
{
    plString output = plFormat(fmt_str, value, args...);
    fwrite(output.c_str(), sizeof(char), output.GetSize(), fd);
}

template <typename _Type, typename... _Args>
void plPrintf(const char *fmt_str, _Type value, _Args... args)
{
    plPrintf(stdout, fmt_str, value, args...);
}

#endif // plFormat_Defined