/*==LICENSE==*

CyanWorlds.com Engine - MMOG client, server and tools
Copyright (C) 2011  Cyan Worlds, Inc.

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Additional permissions under GNU GPL version 3 section 7

If you modify this Program, or any covered work, by linking or
combining it with any of RAD Game Tools Bink SDK, Autodesk 3ds Max SDK,
NVIDIA PhysX SDK, Microsoft DirectX SDK, OpenSSL library, Independent
JPEG Group JPEG library, Microsoft Windows Media SDK, or Apple QuickTime SDK
(or a modified version of those libraries),
containing parts covered by the terms of the Bink SDK EULA, 3ds Max EULA,
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licensors of this Program grant you additional
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work.

You can contact Cyan Worlds, Inc. by email legal@cyan.com
 or by snail mail at:
      Cyan Worlds, Inc.
      14617 N Newport Hwy
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*==LICENSE==*/

#include "HeadSpin.h"
#include "plShadowMaster.h"
#include "plShadowSlave.h"

#include "plLightInfo.h"
#include "plShadowCaster.h"

#include "plIntersect/plVolumeIsect.h"
#include "plMessage/plShadowCastMsg.h"
#include "plMessage/plRenderMsg.h"

#include "plDrawable/plDrawableSpans.h"

#include "plScene/plVisMgr.h"

#include "hsBounds.h"
#include "plgDispatch.h"
#include "plPipeline.h"
#include "hsFastMath.h"

#include "plTweak.h"

uint32_t plShadowMaster::fGlobalMaxSize = 512;
float plShadowMaster::fGlobalMaxDist = 160.f; // PERSPTEST
// float plShadowMaster::fGlobalMaxDist = 100000.f; // PERSPTEST
float plShadowMaster::fGlobalVisParm = 1.f;

void plShadowMaster::SetGlobalShadowQuality(float s) 
{ 
    if( s < 0 )
        s = 0;
    else if( s > 1.f )
        s = 1.f;
    fGlobalVisParm = s;
}

void plShadowMaster::SetGlobalMaxSize(uint32_t s) 
{ 
    const uint32_t kMaxMaxGlobalSize = 512;
    const uint32_t kMinMaxGlobalSize = 32;

    // Make sure it's a power of two.
    if( ((s-1) & ~s) != (s-1) )
    {
        int i;
        for( i = 31; i >= 0; i-- )
        {
            if( (1 << i) & s )
                break;
        }
        s = 1 << i;
    }

    if( s > kMaxMaxGlobalSize )
        s = kMaxMaxGlobalSize;
    if( s < kMinMaxGlobalSize )
        s = kMinMaxGlobalSize;

    fGlobalMaxSize = s; 
}

plShadowMaster::plShadowMaster()
:   fAttenDist(0),
    fMaxDist(0),
    fMinDist(0),
    fMaxSize(256),
    fMinSize(256),
    fPower(1.f),
    fLightInfo(nil)
{
}

plShadowMaster::~plShadowMaster()
{
    Deactivate();

    fSlavePool.SetCount(fSlavePool.GetNumAlloc());
    int i;
    for( i = 0; i < fSlavePool.GetCount(); i++ )
        delete fSlavePool[i];
}

void plShadowMaster::Read(hsStream* stream, hsResMgr* mgr)
{
    plObjInterface::Read(stream, mgr);

    fAttenDist = stream->ReadLEScalar();

    fMaxDist = stream->ReadLEScalar();
    fMinDist = stream->ReadLEScalar();

    fMaxSize = stream->ReadLE32();
    fMinSize = stream->ReadLE32();

    fPower = stream->ReadLEScalar();

    Activate();
}

void plShadowMaster::Write(hsStream* stream, hsResMgr* mgr)
{
    plObjInterface::Write(stream, mgr);

    stream->WriteLEScalar(fAttenDist);

    stream->WriteLEScalar(fMaxDist);
    stream->WriteLEScalar(fMinDist);

    stream->WriteLE32(fMaxSize);
    stream->WriteLE32(fMinSize);

    stream->WriteLEScalar(fPower);
}

void plShadowMaster::Activate() const
{
    plgDispatch::Dispatch()->RegisterForExactType(plShadowCastMsg::Index(), GetKey());
    plgDispatch::Dispatch()->RegisterForExactType(plRenderMsg::Index(), GetKey());
}

void plShadowMaster::Deactivate() const
{
    plgDispatch::Dispatch()->UnRegisterForExactType(plShadowCastMsg::Index(), GetKey());
    plgDispatch::Dispatch()->UnRegisterForExactType(plRenderMsg::Index(), GetKey());
}

void plShadowMaster::SetMaxDist(float f)
{
    fMaxDist = f;
    fMinDist = f * 0.75f;
}


#include "plProfile.h"
plProfile_CreateTimer("ShadowMaster", "RenderSetup", ShadowMaster);
hsBool plShadowMaster::MsgReceive(plMessage* msg)
{
    plRenderMsg* rendMsg = plRenderMsg::ConvertNoRef(msg);
    if( rendMsg )
    {
        plProfile_BeginLap(ShadowMaster, this->GetKey()->GetUoid().GetObjectName());
        IBeginRender();
        plProfile_EndLap(ShadowMaster, this->GetKey()->GetUoid().GetObjectName());
        return true;
    }

    plShadowCastMsg* castMsg = plShadowCastMsg::ConvertNoRef(msg);
    if( castMsg )
    {
        IOnCastMsg(castMsg);
        return true;
    }

    return plObjInterface::MsgReceive(msg);
}

void plShadowMaster::IBeginRender()
{
    fSlavePool.SetCount(0);
    if( ISetLightInfo() ) 
        fLightInfo->ClearSlaveBits();
}

hsBool plShadowMaster::IOnCastMsg(plShadowCastMsg* castMsg)
{
//  // HACKTEST
//  return false;

    if( !fLightInfo )
        return false;

    if( !fLightInfo->InVisSet(plGlobalVisMgr::Instance()->GetVisSet())
        || fLightInfo->InVisNot(plGlobalVisMgr::Instance()->GetVisNot()) )
        return false;

    const uint8_t shadowQuality = uint8_t(plShadowMaster::GetGlobalShadowQuality() * 3.9f);
    if( !GetKey()->GetUoid().GetLoadMask().MatchesQuality(shadowQuality) )
        return false;

    plShadowCaster* caster = castMsg->Caster();

    if( !caster->Spans().GetCount() )
        return false;

    hsBounds3Ext casterBnd;
    IComputeCasterBounds(caster, casterBnd);

    float power = IComputePower(caster, casterBnd);

    static float kVisShadowPower = 1.e-1f;
    static float kMinShadowPower = 2.e-1f;
    static float kKneeShadowPower = 3.e-1f;
    if( power < kMinShadowPower )
        return false;
    if( power < kKneeShadowPower )
    {
        power -= kMinShadowPower;
        power /= kKneeShadowPower - kMinShadowPower;
        power *= kKneeShadowPower - kVisShadowPower;
        power += kVisShadowPower;
    }

    // Create ShadowSlave focused on ShadowCaster
    // ShadowSlave extent just enough to cover ShadowCaster (including nearplane)
    plShadowSlave* slave = ICreateShadowSlave(castMsg, casterBnd, power);
    if( !slave )
        return false;

    // !!!IMPORTANT
    // ShadowMaster contains 2 values for yon.
    // First value applies to ShadowMaster. Any ShadowCaster beyond this distance
    //      won't cast a shadow
    // Second value applies to ShadowSlaves. This is the distance beyond the ShadowCaster
    //      (NOT FROM SHADOW SOURCE) over which the shadow attenuates to zero
    // The effective yon for the ShadowSlave is ShadowSlaveYon + DistanceToFarthestPointOnShadowCasterBound
    //      That's the distance used for culling ShadowReceivers
    // The ShadowSlaveYon is used directly in the 

    slave->fIndex = uint32_t(-1);
    castMsg->Pipeline()->SubmitShadowSlave(slave);
    
    if( slave->fIndex == uint32_t(-1) )
    {
        IRecycleSlave(slave);
        return false;
    }
    
    fLightInfo->SetSlaveBit(slave->fIndex);
    slave->SetFlag(plShadowSlave::kObeysLightGroups, fLightInfo->GetProperty(plLightInfo::kLPShadowLightGroup) && fLightInfo->GetProperty(plLightInfo::kLPHasIncludes));
    slave->SetFlag(plShadowSlave::kIncludesChars, fLightInfo->GetProperty(plLightInfo::kLPIncludesChars));

    return true;
}


plLightInfo* plShadowMaster::ISetLightInfo()
{
    fLightInfo = nil;
    plSceneObject* owner = IGetOwner();
    if( owner )
    {
        fLightInfo = plLightInfo::ConvertNoRef(owner->GetGenericInterface(plLightInfo::Index()));
    }
    return fLightInfo;
}

void plShadowMaster::IComputeCasterBounds(const plShadowCaster* caster, hsBounds3Ext& casterBnd)
{
    casterBnd.MakeEmpty();
    const hsTArray<plShadowCastSpan>& castSpans = caster->Spans();
    int i;
    for( i = 0; i < castSpans.GetCount(); i++ )
    {
        plDrawableSpans* dr = castSpans[i].fDraw;
        uint32_t index = castSpans[i].fIndex;

        // Right now, the generic world bounds seems close enough, even when skinned.
        // It gets a little off on the lower LODs, but, hey, they're the lower LODs.
        // Getting something more precise will probably involve finding a cagey place
        // to stash the accurate world bounds, because we only compute them when the
        // skinned objects are visible, and we need them here before the object is
        // visibility tested.
        casterBnd.Union(&dr->GetSpan(index)->fWorldBounds);
    }
}

plShadowSlave* plShadowMaster::INextSlave(const plShadowCaster* caster)
{
    int iSlave = fSlavePool.GetCount();
    fSlavePool.ExpandAndZero(iSlave+1);
    plShadowSlave* slave = fSlavePool[iSlave];
    if( !slave )
    {
        fSlavePool[iSlave] = slave = INewSlave(caster);
    }
    return slave;
}

plShadowSlave* plShadowMaster::ICreateShadowSlave(plShadowCastMsg* castMsg, const hsBounds3Ext& casterBnd, float power)
{
    const plShadowCaster* caster = castMsg->Caster();

    plShadowSlave* slave = INextSlave(caster);

    slave->Init();
    //HACKTEST
//  slave->SetFlag(plShadowSlave::kReverseCull, true);

    slave->fPower = power;
    slave->fCaster = caster;
    slave->fCasterWorldBounds = casterBnd;
    slave->fAttenDist = fAttenDist * caster->GetAttenScale();
    slave->fBlurScale = caster->GetBlurScale();

    slave->SetFlag(plShadowSlave::kSelfShadow, GetProperty(kSelfShadow) || caster->GetSelfShadow());

    // Order of these matters, since values calculated in one are
    // used by later functions. Rearrange at your own risk.
    IComputeWorldToLight(casterBnd, slave);

    IComputeBounds(casterBnd, slave);

    IComputeWidthAndHeight(castMsg, slave);

    IComputeProjections(castMsg, slave);

    IComputeLUT(castMsg, slave);

    IComputeISect(casterBnd, slave);

    // Make sure we really need this shadow. If we decide we
    // don't, the returned slave will be nil;
    slave = ILastChanceToBail(castMsg, slave);

    return slave;
}

plShadowSlave* plShadowMaster::IRecycleSlave(plShadowSlave* slave)
{
    fSlavePool.SetCount(fSlavePool.GetCount()-1);
    return nil;
}

plShadowSlave* plShadowMaster::ILastChanceToBail(plShadowCastMsg* castMsg, plShadowSlave* slave)
{
    const hsBounds3Ext& wBnd = slave->fWorldBounds;

    // If the bounds of the cast shadow aren't visible, forget it.
    if( !castMsg->Pipeline()->TestVisibleWorld(wBnd) )
        return IRecycleSlave(slave);

    float maxDist = fMaxDist > 0
        ? (fGlobalMaxDist > 0
            ? hsMinimum(fMaxDist, fGlobalMaxDist)
            : fMaxDist)
        : fGlobalMaxDist;

    plConst(float) kMinFrac(0.6f);
    maxDist *= kMinFrac + GetGlobalShadowQuality() * (1.f - kMinFrac);

    // If we haven't got a max distance at which the shadow stays visible
    // then we just need to go with it.
    if( maxDist <= 0 )
        return slave;

    plConst(float) kMinFadeFrac(0.90f);
    plConst(float) kMaxFadeFrac(0.75f);
    const float fadeFrac = kMinFadeFrac + GetGlobalShadowQuality() * (kMaxFadeFrac - kMinFadeFrac);
    float minDist = maxDist * fadeFrac;

    // So we want to fade out the shadow as it gets farther away, hopefully
    // pitching it in the distance when we couldn't see it anyway. 
    hsPoint2 depth;
    // We've been testing based on the view direction, which shows unfortunate
    // camera facing dependency (because it is camera facing dependent) with
    // large shadow casters and low shadow quality. Let's try using the vector
    // connecting the caster center with the view position. It's just as wrong,
    // but at least nothing will change when you swing the camera around.
#if 0
    wBnd.TestPlane(castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewDirWorld(), depth);
    float eyeDist = castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewDirWorld().InnerProduct(castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewPositionWorld());
#else
    hsPoint3 centre = wBnd.GetCenter();
    hsPoint3 vpos = castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewPositionWorld();
    hsVector3 dir(&centre, &vpos);
    hsFastMath::NormalizeAppr(dir);
    wBnd.TestPlane(dir, depth);
    float eyeDist = dir.InnerProduct(vpos);
#endif
    float dist = depth.fX - eyeDist;

    // If it's not far enough to be fading, just go with it as is.
    dist -= minDist;
    if( dist < 0 )
        return slave;

    dist /= maxDist - minDist;
    dist = 1.f - dist;

    // If it's totally faded out, recycle the slave and return nil;
    if( dist <= 0 )
        return IRecycleSlave(slave);

    slave->fPower *= dist;

    return slave;
}

// compute ShadowSlave power influenced by SoftRegion, current light intensity, and ShadowCaster.fMaxOpacity;
float plShadowMaster::IComputePower(const plShadowCaster* caster, const hsBounds3Ext& casterBnd) const
{
    float power = 0;
    if( fLightInfo && !fLightInfo->IsIdle() )
    {
        power = caster->fMaxOpacity;
        float strength, scale;
        fLightInfo->GetStrengthAndScale(casterBnd, strength, scale);
        power *= strength;
    }
    power *= fPower;
    power *= caster->GetBoost();

    return power;
}

void plShadowMaster::IComputeWidthAndHeight(plShadowCastMsg* castMsg, plShadowSlave* slave) const
{
    slave->fWidth = fMaxSize;
    slave->fHeight = fMaxSize;

    if( GetGlobalShadowQuality() <= 0.5f )
    {
        slave->fWidth >>= 1;
        slave->fHeight >>= 1;
    }
    if( castMsg->Caster()->GetLimitRes() )
    {
        slave->fWidth >>= 1;
        slave->fHeight >>= 1;
    }

    const hsBounds3Ext& wBnd = slave->fWorldBounds;

    hsPoint2 depth;
    wBnd.TestPlane(castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewDirWorld(), depth);
    float eyeDist = castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewDirWorld().InnerProduct(castMsg->Pipeline()->GetViewPositionWorld());
    float dist = depth.fX - eyeDist;
    if( dist < 0 )
        dist = 0;

    slave->fPriority = dist; // Might want to boost the local players priority.

    plConst(float) kShiftDist = 50.f; // PERSPTEST
//  plConst(float) kShiftDist = 5000.f; // PERSPTEST
    int iShift = int(dist / kShiftDist);
    slave->fWidth >>= iShift;
    slave->fHeight >>= iShift;

    if( slave->fWidth > fGlobalMaxSize )
        slave->fWidth = fGlobalMaxSize;
    if( slave->fHeight > fGlobalMaxSize )
        slave->fHeight = fGlobalMaxSize;

    const int kMinSize = 32;
    if( slave->fWidth < kMinSize )
        slave->fWidth = kMinSize;
    if( slave->fHeight < kMinSize )
        slave->fHeight = kMinSize;
}

void plShadowMaster::IComputeLUT(plShadowCastMsg* castMsg, plShadowSlave* slave) const
{
    // This needs to go from camera space z to lightspace z, and then translate that
    // into a lookup on U from our LUT.
    // First to get into lightspace, we transform our point by
    // worldToLight * cameraToWorld.
    // Then we want to map like
    // Map 0 => (closest = CasterBnd.Closest), 1 => (CasterBnd.Closest + FalloffDist = farthest)
    // which means a matrix looking like:
    //  0.0, 0.0, 1/(farthest - closest), -closest / (farthest - closest),
    //  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    //  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    //  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,


    hsBounds3Ext bnd = slave->fCasterWorldBounds;
    bnd.Transform(&slave->fWorldToLight);
    float farthest = bnd.GetCenter().fZ + slave->fAttenDist;
    float closest = bnd.GetMins().fZ;

    // Shouldn't this always be negated?
    static hsMatrix44 lightToLut; // Static ensures initialized to all zeros.
    lightToLut.fMap[0][2] = 1/(farthest - closest); 
    lightToLut.fMap[0][3] = -closest / (farthest - closest);

    // This full matrix multiply is a little overkill. Could simplify it quite a bit...
    slave->fRcvLUT = lightToLut * slave->fWorldToLight;

    // For caster, we'll be rendering in light space, so we just need to lut off
    // cameraspace z
    // Can put bias here if needed (probably) by adding small 
    // bias to ShadowSlave.LUTXfm.fMap[0][3]. Bias magnitude would probably be at
    // least 0.5f/256.f to compensate for quantization.

    plConst(float) kSelfBias = 2.f / 256.f;
    plConst(float) kOtherBias = -0.5 / 256.f;
#if 0 // MF_NOSELF
    lightToLut.fMap[0][3] += slave->HasFlag(plShadowSlave::kSelfShadow) ? kSelfBias : kOtherBias;
#else // MF_NOSELF
    lightToLut.fMap[0][3] += kSelfBias;
#endif // MF_NOSELF

    if( slave->CastInCameraSpace() )
    {
        slave->fCastLUT = lightToLut * slave->fWorldToLight;
    }
    else
    {
        slave->fCastLUT = lightToLut;
    }

#ifdef MF_HACK_SKIPLUT
    hsMatrix44 hack;
    hack.Reset();
    hack.NotIdentity();
    hack.fMap[0][0] = 0;
    hack.fMap[0][3] = 1.f;
    slave->fCastLUT = hack;
#endif // MF_HACK_SKIPLUT
}

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// SOURCE CODE ENDS HERE!!!!
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// Some notes from when I was working this out, in case I ever need to figure
// out what I was thinking when I set this up.
#if 0 // Notes



MasterShadow

On RenderMsg
    
    Harvest all shadow casters within influence from CullTree

    Assign Shadow (shadow == plLightInfo) to each shadow caster

        Ideally, we want a shadow caster to be a conceptual object
        (like one Avatar), rather than individual spans. Shadow Group ID?

    Each shadow renders it's caster into rendertarget, with:

        ClearAlpha to 255 (alphatest will neutralize any texels not written to with shadowcaster)
        ClearColor to 0 - then a blur will bleed black in, darkening edges, making for softer effect
            around edge of image, which means a softer shadow.
            

        Camera Matrix is from=lightPos, at=casterCenter, up=lightUp

        ViewTransform = framed around casterBnd

        color = (camZ - nearPointOfCasterBound) / (lightYon - nearPointOfCasterBnd)
        alpha = color

    Add all active shadows to pipeline lights (or just enable them)

    During render, if a shadow is affecting the current object, as a final pass:

        T0 = texture from shadow renders caster (UV = projection of pos by shadow Xform
        
        T1 = LUT on vtxPos (same LUT as for color and alpha above).

        Color = T1 - T0
        Alpha = T1 - T0

        Texture blend is Subtract (color and alpha)

        FB AlphaTest = Greater
        FB Blend = Mult

    Gives a linear falloff of shadow intensity from nearPointOfCasterBnd to lightYon

    Can be softened (just blur T0)


    Big problem? On a two TMU system, we're screwed on alpha textures.

    On a 3 (or greater) TMU system, we could:

        // Select first texture
        Stage0
            Color/Alpha
            Arg1 = T0
            Op = SelectArg1

        // Subtract first texture from second (T1 - T0)
        Stage1
            Color/Alpha
            Arg1 = T1
            Arg2 = Current
            Op  = Subtract

        // Add the complement of the orig texture's alpha to the color, so where the texture
        // is transparent, we add 255 and neutralize the shadow, where texture is opaque we
        // add 0 and process normally, and stuff in between.
        Stage2
            Color
            Arg1 = Current
            Arg2 = origTex | D3DTA_COMPLEMENT | D3DTA_ALPHAREPLICATE;
            Op = Add

                

        Stage0  = T0
        Stage1  = T1
        Stage2  = Original texture

        ColorOp0_1  = Subtract (T0 - T1, inverse of above)
        ColorOp1_2  = Select Current

        AlphaOp0_1  = Subtract (T0 - T1, inverse of above)
        AlphaOp1_2  = Multiply (OrigTex.a * (T0 - T1))


    Okay, time for the bonus round:

        We have 4 cases;

            a) 4 TMU system, base layer opaque
            b) 4 TMU system, base layer has alpha (god help us on base layer has add)
            c) 2 TMU system, base layer opaque
            d) 2 TMU system, base layer has alpha

        If the base layer is opaque, we can do Stage0 and Stage1 as above, whether
            we have 2 or 4 TMU's at our disposal
        If the base layer has alpha, and we have 4 TMU's, we can do the above
        If the base layer has alpha and we have 2 TMU's, we skip it (early out in Apply)

        So, we have the following set up (from above):

            Stage0 = T0
            Stage1 = T1, subtract
            [Stage2 = origTex, add] - only if 4 TMU and origTex has alpha

        In any case, we can add one more stage as long as it's just diffuse (we are
            out of textures on 2 TMU system). So we use the diffuse to modulate the
            effect as follows

            Stage3
                ColorArg1 = Diffuse
                ColorArg2 = current | D3DTA_COMPLEMENT
                ColorOp = Modulate

                AlphaOp = Disable

            The Diffuse contains the value by which to scale the effect, e.g. by SoftRegion
                or artist input.

            Now the alpha coming out is still fine (make sure you set up the alphatest),
                but the color the inverse of what we want. That's okay, our framebuffer
                blend now becomes

                SrcBlend = ZERO
                DstBlend = INVSRCCOLOR

                That means we need to be sure to set the fog color to black

    And that's that. Uh-huh.


Shadow Plan 9

classes:

class plShadowCaster : public plMultiModifier
{
protected:
    class plDrawSpan
    {
    public:
        plDrawableSpans*    fDraw;
        plSpan*             fSpan;
        uint32_t              fIndex;
    };

    hsTArray<plDrawSpan> fSpans;

    hsBounds3Ext        fTotalWorldBounds;
    float            fMaxOpacity;


    On RenderMsg
    {
        // Don't really like having to gather these guys up every frame,
        // but with the avatar customization, it's all pretty volatile,
        // subject to infrequent change, but change without warning.
        // The number of actual targets (and hence shadow casting spans)
        // for any ShadowCasterModifier should always be on the order of
        // 10, so chances are we can get away with this. If not, we can
        // figure some way of caching, like a broadcast message warning us
        // that an avatar customization event has occurred.
        ICollectSpans();

        // Max opacity used to fade out shadows during link

        //find max opacity of all spans
        //clear shadowBits of all spans
        float fMaxOpacity = 0.f;
        int i;
        for( i = 0; i < fSpans.GetCount(); i++ )
        {
            plLayer* baseLay = fSpans[i].fDraw->GetSubMaterial(fSpans[i].fSpan->fMaterialIdx)->GetLayer(0);
            if( baseLay->GetOpacity() > maxOpacity )
                fMaxOpacity = baseLay->GetOpacity();

            fSpans[i].fSpan->ClearShadowBits();
        }


        if( fMaxOpacity > 0 )
        {
            Broadcast ShadowCastMsg containing
                this (ShadowCaster)
        }
    }

    void ICollectAllSpans()
    {
        fSpans.SetCount(0);
        int i;
        for( i = 0; i < GetNumTargets(); i++ )
        {
            plSceneObject* so = GetTarget(i);
            // Nil target? Shouldn't happen.
            if( so )
            {
                plDrawInterface* di = so->GetDrawInterface();
                // Nil di- either it hasn't loaded yet, or we've been applied to something that isn't visible (oops).
                if( di )
                {
                    int j;
                    for( j = 0; j < di->GetNumDrawables(); j++ )
                    {
                        plDrawableSpans* dr = plDrawableSpans::ConvertNoRef(di->GetDrawable(j));
                        // Nil dr - it hasn't loaded yet.
                        if( dr )
                        {
                            plDISpanIndex& diIndex = dr->GetDISpans(di->GetDrawableMeshIndex(j));
                            if( !diIndex.IsMatrixOnly() )
                            {
                                int k;
                                for( k = 0; k < diIndex.GetCount(); k++ )
                                {
                                    fSpans.Append(dr, dr->GetSpan(diIndex[k]), diIndex[k]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
public:
    plShadowCaster();
    virtual ~plShadowCaster();

    CLASSNAME_REGISTER( plShadowCaster );
    GETINTERFACE_ANY( plShadowCaster, plMultiModifier );
    
    virtual hsBool IEval(double secs, float del, uint32_t dirty) {}

    virtual hsBool MsgReceive(plMessage* msg);

    virtual void Read(hsStream* stream, hsResMgr* mgr);
    virtual void Write(hsStream* stream, hsResMgr* mgr);
}

class plShadowMaster
{
protected:
    hsTArray<plShadowSlave*>        fSlavePool;

    plVolumeIsect*                  fIsect;

    float                        fAttenDist;

    plSoftVolume*                   fSoftVolume;

    virtual void IComputeWidthAndHeight(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const = 0;
    virtual void IComputeWorldToLight(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const = 0;
    virtual void IComputeProjections(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const = 0;
    virtual void IComputeLUT(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const = 0;
    virtual void IComputeISect(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const = 0;
    virtual void IComputeBounds(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const = 0;

    // Override if you want to attenuate (e.g. dist for omni, cone angle for spot).
    // But make sure you factor in base class power.
    virtual float IComputePower(const plShadowCaster* caster);

public:
    plVolumeIsect* GetIsect() const { return fIsect; }

    hsBool CanSee(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd)
    {
        switch( fType )
        {
        case kSpot:
            return GetIsect().Test(bnd) != kVolumeCulled;
        case kDirectional:
            return true;
        case kLtdDirection:
            return GetIsect().Test(bnd) != kVolumeCulled;
        case kOmni:
            return GetIsect().Test(bnd) != kVolumeCulled;
        default:
            return false;
        }
    }

    virtual void CreateShadowSlave(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, float power)
    {
        int iSlave = fSlavePool.GetCount();
        fSlavePool.ExpandAndZero(iSlave+1);
        plShadowSlave* slave = fSlavePool[iSlave];
        if( !slave )
        {
            fSlavePool[iSlave] = slave = new plShadowSlave;
            fISectPool[iSlave] = INewISect();
        }

        slave.SetIndex(iSlave); // To be used in not shadowing our own casters

        slave->fPower = power;

        IComputeWidthAndHeight(bnd, slave);

        IComputeWorldToLight(bnd, slave);

        IComputeProjections(bnd, slave);

        IComputeLUT(bnd, slave);

        IComputeISect(bnd, slave, iSlave);

        IComputeBounds(bnd, slave);
    }
};

// compute ShadowSlave power influenced by SoftRegion and ShadowCaster.fMaxOpacity;
float plShadowMaster::ComputePower(const plShadowCaster* caster)
{
    float power = caster->fMaxOpacity;
    if( fSoftVolume )
    {
        power *= fSoftVolume->GetStrength(caster->fTotalWorldBounds.GetCenter());
    }
    return power;
}

class OmniShadowMaster : public plShadowMaster
{
protected:
    hsTArray<plVolumeIsect*>        fIsectPool;

    virtual void IComputeWidthAndHeight(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const;
    virtual void IComputeWorldToLight(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const;
    virtual void IComputeProjections(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const;
    virtual void IComputeLUT(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const;
    virtual void IComputeISect(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const;
    virtual void IComputeBounds(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const;
};

void plOmniShadowMaster::IComputeWorldToLight(const hsBounds3Ext& bnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const
{
    hsPoint3 from = fPosition;
    hsPoint3 at = bnd.GetCenter();
    hsVector3 up = fLastUp;
    if( (up % (at - from)).MagnitudeSqaured() < kMinMag )
    {
        up.Set(0, 1.f, 0);
        if( (up % (at - from)).MagnitudeSqaured() < kMinMag )
        {
            up.Set(0, 0, 1.f);
        }
        fLastUp = up;
    }
    slave->fWorldToLight.MakeCamera(&from, &at, &up);
}

void plOmniShadowMaster::IComputeProjections(const hsBounds3Ext& wBnd, plShadowSlave* slave) const
{
    hsBounds3Ext bnd = wBnd;
    bnd.Transform(slave->fWorldToLight);

    float minZ = bnd.GetMins().fZ;
    float maxZ = bnd.GetCenter().fZ + fAttenDist;

    if( minZ < kMinMinZ )
        minZ = kMinMinZ;

    float cotX, cotY;
    if( -bnd.GetMins().fX > bnd.GetMaxs().fX )
    {
        hsAssert(bnd.GetMins().fX < 0, "Empty shadow caster bounds?");
        cotX = -minZ / bnd.GetMins().fX;
    }
    else
    {
        hsAssert(bnd.GetMaxs().fX > 0, "Empty shadow caster bounds?");
        cotX = minZ / bnd.GetMaxs().fX;
    }

    if( -bnd.GetMins().fY > bnd.GetMaxs().fY )
    {
        hsAssert(bnd.GetMins().fY < 0, "Empty shadow caster bounds?");
        cotY = -minZ / bnd.GetMins().fY;
    }
    else
    {
        hsAssert(bnd.GetMaxs().fY > 0, "Empty shadow caster bounds?");
        cotY = minZ / bnd.GetMaxs().fY;
    }


    hsMatrix44 proj;
    proj.Reset();
    proj.NotIdentity();

    // First the LightToTexture, which uses the above pretty much as is.
    // Note the remapping to range [0.5..width-0.5] etc. Also, the perspective
    // divide is by the 3rd output (not the fourth), so we make the 3rd
    // output be W (instead of Z).
    proj.fMap[0][0] = cotX * 0.5f;
    proj.fMap[0][3] = 0.5f * (1.f + 1.f/slave->fWidth);
    proj.fMap[1][1] = -cotY * 0.5f;
    proj.fMap[1][3] = 0.5f * (1.f + 1.f/slave->fHeight);
#if 0 // This computes correct Z, but we really just want W in 3rd component.
    proj.fMap[2][2] = maxZ / (maxZ - minZ);
    proj.fMap[2][3] = minZ * maxZ / (maxZ - minZ);
#else
    proj.fMap[2][2] = 1.f;
    proj.fMap[2][3] = 0;
#endif
    proj.fMap[3][3] = 0;
    proj.fMap[3][2] = 1.f;

    slave->fLightToTexture = proj;
    slave->fCameraToTexture = slave->fLightToTexture * slave->fWorldToLight * pipe->GetCameraToWorld();

    // Now the LightToNDC. This one's a little trickier, because we want to compensate for
    // having brought in the viewport to keep our border constant, so we can clamp the 
    // projected texture and not have the edges smear off to infinity.
    cotX -= cotX / (slave->fWidth * 0.5f);
    cotY -= cotY / (slave->fHeight * 0.5f);

    proj.fMap[0][0] = cotX;
    proj.fMap[0][3] = 0.f;
    proj.fMap[1][1] = cotY;
    proj.fMap[1][3] = 0.f;
    proj.fMap[2][2] = maxZ / (maxZ - minZ);
    proj.fMap[2][3] = minZ * maxZ / (maxZ - minZ);
    proj.fMap[3][3] = 0;
    proj.fMap[3][2] = 1.f;

    slave->fLightToNDC = proj;
}

class plShadowSlave
{
public:

    hsMatrix44          fWorldToLight;
    hsMatrix44          fLightToNDC;
    hsMatrix44          fLightToTexture;
    hsMatrix44          fCastLUT;
    hsMatrix44          fRcvLUT;

    float            fPower;

    plVolumeIsect*      fISect;

    uint32_t              fWidth;
    uint32_t              fHeight;
};

BeginScene (on EvalMsg?)
{
    ShadowMasters ClearShadowSlaves(); // fSlavePool.SetCount(0); fISectPool.SetCount(0);
}

EndScene
{
    pipeline->ClearShadowSlaves();
}

Harvest
{
    ShadowMasters wait for ShadowCastMsg broadcast

    On ShadowCastMsg

        if( !ShadowMaster.CanSee(ShadowCaster.fTotalWorldBounds) )
            forget it;

        float power = ComputePower(ShadowCaster);

        if( power == 0 )
            forget it;

        // Create ShadowSlave focused on ShadowCaster
        // ShadowSlave extent just enough to cover ShadowCaster (including nearplane)
        CreateShadowSlave(ShadowCaster.fTotalWorldBounds, power);

        // !!!IMPORTANT
        // ShadowMaster contains 2 values for yon.
        // First value applies to ShadowMaster. Any ShadowCaster beyond this distance
        //      won't cast a shadow
        // Second value applies to ShadowSlaves. This is the distance beyond the ShadowCaster
        //      (NOT FROM SHADOW SOURCE) over which the shadow attenuates to zero
        // The effective yon for the ShadowSlave is ShadowSlaveYon + DistanceToFarthestPointOnShadowCasterBound
        //      That's the distance used for culling ShadowReceivers
        // The ShadowSlaveYon is used directly in the 

        if ShadowSlave extent not visible to current camera
            forget it;

        ShadowSlave.Generate

        Submit to pipeline

    endOnMsg

    endfor
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Pipeline functions
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Puts the slave in a list valid for this frame only. The list will
// be preprocessed at BeginRender. See IPreprocessShadows.
void SubmitShadowSlave(plShadowSlave* slave);

// rendering all the associated spans into
// a rendertarget of the correct size

// We have a (possibly empty) list of shadows submitted for this frame.
// At BeginRender, we need to accomplish:
//  Find render targets for each shadow request of the requested size.
//  Render the associated spans into the render targets. Something like the following:
void IPreprocessShadows()
{

    SetupShadowCastTextureStages - see below

    for each shadowCaster.fSpans
    {
        render shadowcaster.fSpans[i] to rendertarget

        shadowCaster.fSpans[i]->SetShadowBit(shadowCaster.fIndex); //index set in CreateShadowSlave
    }

    Blur rendertarget (optional);

    // Must ensure we have an alpha border of 255 (for clamping the effect)
    //SetBorderTo255(); we don't have to do this if we can set the viewport
    // to leave a border and compensate the fov so LightToNDC and LightToTexture match up.
}

// After doing the usual render for a span (all passes), we call the following.
// If the span accepts shadows, this will loop over all the shadows active this
// frame, and apply the ones that intersect this spans bounds. See below for details.
void IRenderSpanShadows();

// At EndRender(), we need to clear our list of shadow slaves. They are only valid for one frame.
void IClearShadowSlaves();

// We don't have the depth resolution to even think about self shadowing, so we just don't
// let a slave shadow any of the spans that were rendered into it.
hsBool AcceptsShadow(plSpan* span, plShadowSlave* slave)
{
    return !span->IsShadowBitSet(slave->fIndex);
}

// Want artists to be able to just disable shadows for spans where they'll either
// look goofy, or won't contribute.
// Also, if we have less than 3 simultaneous textures, we want to skip anything with
// an alpha'd base layer, unless it's been overriden.
hsBool ReceivesShadows(plSpan* span, hsGMaterial* mat)
{
    if( span.fProps & plSpan::kPropNoShadow )
        return false;

    if( span.Props & plSpan::kPropForceShadow )
        return true;

    if( (fMaxLayersAtOnce < 3) && (mat->GetLayer(0)->GetBlendFlags() & hsGMatState::kBlendAlpha) )
        return false;

    return true;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

SetBorderTo255()
{
    Set FB blend to Add;

    render a texture the same size as the render target to the render target
    as a single quad. Texture has black as color, 0 as alpha except the border
    which is black with alpha=255.
}

Apply
{
    render all passes of span

    if( ShadowSlaveListNotEmpty() )
        RenderSpanShadows
}

RenderSpanShadows
{
    hsBool first = true;
    if receivesShadows(span)
    {
        for each ShadowSlave
        {

            if AcceptsShadow(span, ShadowSlave) && (ShadowSlave->fIsect->Test(span.fBounds) != kVolumeCulled)
            {
                if( first )
                {
                    SetupShadowRcvTextureStages();
                    first = false;
                }

                SetupShadowSlaveTextures()

                render span

            }
        }
    }
}

SetupShadowSlaveTextures()
{
    // See below
}

TRANSFORMS
==========

Summary -
    ShadowSlave.W2Light - world space to space of shadow slave
    ShadowSlave.Light2W - unused

    ShadowSlave.LightToNDC - normal projection matrix, maps to 
        [-1,1], [-1,1], [0,1] (after divide)
        AND
        has fov decreased slightly to compensate for the viewport being
            brought down to preserve the border

    ShadowSlave.LightToTexture - like LightToNDC, but maps to
        [0.5 / width, 1 - 0.5/width], [0.5/height, 1 - 0.5/height, [0,1]
        fov NOT brought down for border

    ShadowSlave.CameraToTexture = ShadowSlave.LightToTexture * ShadowSlave.W2Light * pipe->GetCameraToWorld();

    ShadowSlave.CasterLUTXfm - see below

    ShadowSlave.ViewPort = {1, 1, width-2, height-2, 0, 1}

To Compensate FOV for border
{
    if( perspective ) // spots and omnis
    {
        delX = fovX / (txtWidth/2);
        delY = fovY / (txtHeight/2);
        fovX -= delX;
        fovY -= delY;
    }
    else // directional
    {
        delX = width / (txtWidth/2);
        delY = height / (txtHeight/2);

        minX += delX;
        minY += delY;
        maxX -= delX;
        maxY -= delY;
    }
}

To Render ShadowCaster
{
    render transform to ShadowSlave.W2Light * ShadowCaster.L2W

    projection transform to ShadowSlave.LightToNDC

    viewPort to ShadowSlave.ViewPort

    Stage0 -
        UVWSrc = CameraSpacePos

        UVWXfm = ShadowSlave.CasterLUTXfm * ShadowSlave.W2L * CameraToWorld

        Texture = U_LUT

    Stage1 -
        Disable
}

ShadowSlave.LUTXfm
{
    // Map 0 => (closest = CasterBnd.Closest), 1 => (CasterBnd.Closest + FalloffDist = farthest)
    0.0, 0.0, 1/(farthest - closest), -closest / (farthest - closest),
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,

    // FOR CASTER ONLY
    // Can put bias here if needed (probably) by adding small NEGATIVE
    // bias to ShadowSlave.LUTXfm.fMap[0][3]. Bias magnitude would probably be at
    // least 0.5f/256.f to compensate for quantization.
}

To Project onto Shadow Receiver // SetupShadowSlaveTexture
{
    render transform = current;
    project transform = current;
    viewport = current;

    Stage0 - 
        UVWSrc = CameraSpacePos

        UVWXfm = ShadowSlave.LightToTexture * ShadowSlave.W2L * CameraToWorld

        Texture = ShadowMap

    Stage1 -
        UVWSrc = CameraSpacePos

        UVWXfm = ShadowSlave.RcvLUTXfm * ShadowSlave.W2L * CameraToWorld

        Texture = U_LUT

    [ // Optional for when have > 2 TMUs AND base texture is alpha
    Stage2 -
        Process base texture normally normally
    ]
    Stage2/3
        No texture - setup as in ShadowNotes.h
}

ShadowSlave.Offset
{
    Offset =
    {
        0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5 + 0.5 * ShadowSlave.Width,
        0.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5 + 0.5 * ShadowSlave.Height,
        0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
        0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
    }
}

#endif // Notes